Lye

Lye, also known as sodium hydroxide, is typically produced through a process called electrolysis of sodium chloride solution (brine). The electrolysis process involves passing an electric current through the brine, causing the sodium chloride to decompose into sodium ions and chloride ions. The sodium ions react with water to form sodium hydroxide (lye) and hydrogen gas, while the chloride ions form chlorine gas. The lye solution is then concentrated to produce solid lye crystals. Lye is a crucial ingredient in soapmaking. When combined with fats or oils, it undergoes a chemical reaction called saponification. During this process, the lye molecules break down the fat molecules into fatty acid salts, which form the soap base. The saponification reaction is exothermic, meaning it releases heat. As the soap mixture cools, it thickens and eventually hardens into a soap bar. The choice of lye concentration and the type of fats or oils used determine the final properties of the soap, such as hardness, lather, and moisturizing qualities.